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Similarities Between TCP/IP and OSI Model

Both the TCP/IP and OSI models provide logical ways of networking, as well as the processing of information using a layered system. In both systems, each layer has a specific function. This makes it easier to pinpoint where issues are occurring in the event of a failure.

For example, in both models, you can determine if the data is not being transmitted properly to a hardware device by isolating potential problems in the data link layer (OSI) or the hardware layer (TCP/IP).

Differences Between the TCP/IP and OSI Model

The biggest difference between the two models is that the OSI model segments multiple functions that the TCP/IP model groups into single layers. This is true of both the application and network access layers of the TCP/IP model, which contain multiple layers outlined within the OSI model.

This is a significant difference because it can make it more difficult to troubleshoot issues or enhance performance when you are using the TCP/IP model. With the OSI model, for example, you can focus specifically on the application layer, presentation layer, or session layer to figure out why data is not coming out the way you expect.

With the TCP/IP model, on the other hand, the functions of these three layers are all combined in the application layer. In other words, while someone may say, “There is a problem in the application layer,” someone thinking in terms of the OSI model may get confused, wondering, “OK, but which part of the application layer?”

Key Difference between TCP/IP and OSI Model

TCP/IP is a practical model that addresses specific communication challenges and relies on standardized protocols. In contrast, OSI serves as a comprehensive, protocol-independent framework designed to encompass various network communication methods.